Indoor and House Cat Care Guide
- Rachel
- Oct 21, 2024
- 14 min read
Updated: Mar 13
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Benefits of Keeping Cats Indoors
Keeping indoor cats is a huge topic of debate, and people are quick to judge without considering the reasons for doing so or the potential benefits. Everyone has an opinion, especially since the rise of social media made it so easy to hide behind a screen.
If you search for advice from cat charities and shelters, you'll find that opinions are just as mixed. Some organisations, such as Blue Cross, don't rehome cats to homes where they must live indoors unless they have a health condition that prevents them from going outside; while others make decisions on a case-by-case basis. Cats Protection recommend keeping cats indoors if they're rehomed near to a main road, for example.
There's no denying the benefits of letting cats experience the great outdoors, but it also comes with a lot of dangers. Here are some reasons why people might decide to keep their cats indoors:
Avoiding traffic accidents - approximately 230,000 cats get hit by cars in the UK every year. This happened to my black and white cat, Barney - on my birthday, of all days - so I can understand other parents not wanting to go through the same trauma.
Theft - it's estimated that around 360,000 cats go missing or are stolen annually in the UK. Where's Liam Neeson when you need him?
Unplanned pregnancies - prevents cats, especially unneutered males, from roaming to find a mate and adding to the hundreds of millions of stray cats roaming the streets.
Injury - removes the opportunity to bump into other cats and get into fights or bring aggression back to the home.
Disease - less chance of cats picking up contagious diseases and parasites.
Another major advantage of keeping cats indoors, although not for the cats themselves, is to protect wildlife and endangered species. Again, some will agree with this and others would argue that it's in a cat's nature to hunt. Either way, we can't blame a cat for indulging in its natural instincts.
Let's explore in further detail the life of an indoor cat and address some common concerns about how to keep them happy, healthy and encourage natural behaviours.
Is It Cruel to Keep Indoor Cats?
Do I agree with indoor cats? Yes, I have two of them myself!
Isn't it cruel to lock them inside, away from their natural habitat where they have the freedom to hunt and explore?
That depends on several factors.
Indoor cats can and do live very fulfilling lives, but you should be willing to make a few changes to your home - and even your routine - to provide them with all the stimulation and enrichment they need. This is even more important if you don't have much space to work with, such as a one-bed apartment. That's not to say cats will suffer in these conditions, IF you follow the advice in this article.
Petlicity Cat Massaging and Scratching Arch is made for self-grooming with soft plastic bristles to reduce matting and hairballs. The base has a compartment that can be filled with catnip.
Cramming multiple cats into a tiny space without essential resources, going out to work all day and binge watching reality TV instead of scheduling playtime with your kitty is going to cause problems in the long-run. What's the point in owning a pet in the first place, if not for companionship? Resources extend way beyond food, water and litter trays - how would you like to live with nothing but the bare necessities of life?
I would never recommend keeping a cat indoors unless it's necessary or unavoidable, but there are many things you can do to find a healthy balance. Catios and other outdoor enclosures are a growing trend, as much as it pains me to use the word - we're not talking about fashion here! These will be discussed a little further on.
Do Indoor Cats Need Vaccinating?
Outside has a habit of getting inside, so regardless of where your cat hangs out, it's always vulnerable to germs and diseases. Vaccinations and boosters will help to prevent your kitty from picking anything up. For this reason, it's also important to stay on top of flea and worming treatments, especially as fleas can be transported on clothing or if you visit the homes of other feline-loving friends.
In the event of a cat escaping, you should strongly consider getting them desexed. As well as preventing unplanned pregnancy, there are numerous health and behavioural benefits. UK laws also state that cat owners in England must get their cats microchipped. Wherever you live, any responsible owner who cares about the wellbeing of their cats would get them microchipped in case he or she goes missing.
Best Cat Breeds for Indoor Living
As an advocate for the "adopt don't shop" mantre, choosing cats for their breed over the thousands of unwanted and abandoned kitties needing a home doesn't sit well with me - and I'd say the same with any pet. Which raises another important point: cats that have been sentenced to life in a shelter are unlikely to experience the great outdoors either way. At least a home environment offers the love, care, attention and security that every cat deserves.
I've been adopting for as long as I can remember but, as some cat breeds are better suited for indoor living, it's worth mentioning as a factor.
British Shorthairs and Persians are known for their gentle, easy-going temperaments. The British Shorthair is extremely adaptable, probably due to its non-demanding nature, while being sociable at the same time.
Other friendly breeds include Ragdolls, which as the name suggests, are known for their love of cuddles; and Russian Blues, although they can be shy around strangers - another reason why they might be content to live indoors.
Ragdolls, along with Scottish Folds and Sphynx cats, are highly affectionate and enjoy the company of humans. As Sphynx's are hairless, they also get a little chilly outdoors!
The Devon Rex is not only sociable but low maintenance, too. Siamese cats are known for their intelligent and curious natures so are less likely to get bored, although they can be a tad demanding - especially when in competition with other cats.
Cats that enjoy play and other interactions also make great indoor companions: Siamese, Scottish Fold, Sphynx and Devon Rex will love bonding time with their guardians.
A cat's nature when living alone may differ when placed with other felines, so you also need to consider how many cats you want to bring into the home; as well as any existing pets you have. The Bengal may look like something fresh out of a jungle - and will probably eat the family hamster - but it'll be eager to make buddies with other kitty playmates.
While breed is a factor, every cat is unique with his or her own personality. If you plan on adopting more than one cat, it's best to choose sibling or bonded cats rather than an unfamiliar pair that might not get along. I recommend doing your own research and consulting with experienced breeders, shelters or your local vet before making a decision.
Age and Background
A cat's age can also affect indoor suitability: for example, senior cats will be less physically active and require less stimulation than a young cat or kitten. If adopting a senior cat, just giving it a warm and loving home can make all the difference in its final years.
Kittens, on the other hand, are balloons of energy waiting to burst. It's essential that they have multiple ways of burning it off and an ability to explore their environment, even if that means running up and down the stairs or looking out of a window. They can also annoy older cats, which I've experienced myself many years ago.
Cats who've previously lived outside with the freedom to explore may not cope well with confinement to an indoor space, which could lead to behavioural problems. When adopting a cat, be sure to ask about its history and background to check that it's a good match for your situation and lifestyle.
Environment
Space
As humans, we know that environment matters. You only have to look at how much people spend on their homes, from large renovations to the finer details. Yes, I am talking about the overpopulation of scatter cushions and candles! We want our homes to be a place of zen, a safe space; somewhere we can relax at the end of the day. Cats aren't bothered about cushions and candles, but they do have their own requirements - and that includes privacy.
Cats weren't built to be cooped up indoors, so the hustle and bustle of daily life can be highly stressful. Humans clomping up and down the stairs with their giant feet, doors slamming, pots and pans clanging in the kitchen, screaming kids....
If your cat spends a lot of time hiding then it probably needs quiet and solitude. Felines are prone to stress which can trigger anxiety, depression and behavioural issues such as aggression. It can also cause physical symptoms like stress-induced cystitis and loss of appetite, which can be life-threatening in animals. They're a lot smaller than us and once they stop eating, it becomes harder and harder to reverse damage to the body.
Pheromone diffusers and sprays are a natural and drug-free way to reduce stress by making cats feel safe and relaxed in their environment. For more tips and advice on a holistic approach to kitty health, here's some essential reading: Holistic Cat Care: Natural Support for Feline Health and Wellbeing
Comfort Zone plug-in pheromone diffuser for single or multi-cat homes. Creates a calm, relaxing environment to help reduce stress and other problem behaviours, as well as tension and fighting between household cats.
Natural Light
Cats have crepuscular sleep cycles, which means they're most active at dawn and dusk. If you've ever wondered by your cat likes to run around in the early hours, this is optimal hunting time!
While it may be annoying for parents, this natural routine can help with mood and behavioural problems. If cats become too disruptive during these hours, you can leave out an interactive toy for them to play with or set up an automatic feeder - less stress for kitty and more rest for you!
Exposure to sunlight not only helps to regulate a cat's sleep cycle, but it's as rejuvenating for them as it is for humans. You can aid this by opening curtains, using natural light bulbs and opening windows for a fresh air flow. To prevent cats from escaping, use a pet-proof lock or screen.
Cleaners and Fragrances
The chemicals found in domestic cleaners can be harmful to a cat's health, including but not limited to: disinfectants, bleach, bathroom cleaners and stain removers. Any of these can irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract - or worse if substances are ingested. I recommend using pet-safe or natural cleaners and avoiding synthetic fragrances like air fresheners.
So too, scented candles and diffusers that contain essential oils can leave residues on a cat's fur, which they might lick off while grooming. Cats also have an incredible sense of smell, so any kind of fragrance is likely to be overpowering to their sensitive noses.
Discover more household dangers in this detailed post: 8 Common Household Items That Are Dangerous or Toxic to Cats
Essential Resources
Bedding
Cats enjoy cosying up and will choose their sleeping areas based on how safe they feel. Whether that's on the sofa amongst humans, at the top of a cat tree or the darkness of underbed spaces. It's unusual to find a sleeping cat in the middle of a floor unless they're exhausted from a play session or REALLY comfortable in their environment.
A heavy sleep isn't the same as a cat nap, where you might see kitty sitting upright with its eyes closed - maybe even snoring - but they're still aware of their surroundings, as demonstrated by a swivelling ear now and then. This is a resting state, similar to a computer in sleep mode that pings alert with the click of a button.
Due to a cat's strong survival instinct, they require plenty of energy to hunt and escape predators. This is why cat trees are an essential part of their territory: the higher they are, they less vulnerable they are to attack. It also puts them out of the way of human traffic, but some cats require a little more privacy.
Feandrea Large Cat Tree Tower provides height, space and enrichment. Stands at 143cm tall and features 2 perches, a condo, hammock and multiple scratching posts.
Cat trees with built-in condos; standalone huts, tents and even upturned boxes with a blanket or cushion inside will be greatly appreciated by your kitty. For extra shy or timid cats, sleeping areas should be provided in a quiet area or private room so they can withdraw when necessary. When bringing a new addition into the home, offer a variety of bedding and let it choose its favourite spot.
If cats are happy to share a bed with their human companions, it means they find your scent comforting which is a huge sign of trust and affection. Scent and familiarity are vital to a cat's sense of security, so it's wise to keep a few used blankets handy when it comes to washing bedding or introducing cats to a new home.
Multi-cat households should have separate sleeping areas available for each cat. While they won't necessarily stick to their own beds, as cats like to spread themselves around, it'll help to limit territorial behaviour by having more than one option.
Food and Water
A designated feeding area and scheduled mealtimes help to satisfy a kitty's need for routine. Cats have impeccable body clocks and will do regular sweeps of the home to check everything is accessible and in its rightful place, which can be amusing to watch.
You should also consider the type of food you want to feed your cat. No matter how much stimulation you provide, an indoor kitty is never going to be as active as their outdoor counterparts. Dry food or kibble is packed with carbs and generally less nutritious than wet or fresh food, but this depends on your cat's preferences and budget.
A diet high in protein is essential for all felines, but food that's formulated with an indoor cat's needs in mind may contain less fat and more moisture to tackle weight gain and obesity. Thankfully, there are a variety of options on the shelves and online - the hardest part is finding one that suits your kitty's tastes.
Royal Canin Indoor 27 Cat Food formulated for cats aged 1-10 years. Helps to maintain an ideal weight and reduce hairballs for indoor cats where inactivity can cause overeating and slow digestion.
It's not always the easiest thing to transition a cat to new food, especially if it's used to a particular type or brand; but the long-term health benefits are worth the time and effort. Some cats prefer to have their food and water stations separate, and as clean water should always be available, offering multiple bowls around the home will encourage them to keep up their water intake.
Pet fountains are highly recommended; not only do they ensure a fresh and running supply of water but they can be a source of enrichment for your indoor cat. For multi-cat households, a variety of food and water stations may help to avoid unnecessary squabbling.
FOFNON Stainless Steel Cat Water Fountain is resistant to corrosion and oxidation and uses multiple filtration systems to purify water. It features a tap for stimulating natural water flow and holds enough for adult cats to use for 8-12 days.
Litter Trays
As another vital resource, the general rule for litter trays is one per household cat, plus one extra. This can seem excessive, but using the toilet puts cats in a vulnerable position. Lidded or hooded trays aren't recommended for multi-cat homes as they restrict a cat's vision and may cause territorial disputes around the entrance. Not only that, but smells can build up inside and deter cats from using it.
This isn't always the case, and if your cat prefers an enclosed box then keep it as it is. However, if problems occur then try switching it out for an open or high-sided tray.
Whatever style you decide on, regular scooping will keep cats happy and is more hygienic for your home in general. They should be placed away from high traffic areas.
Exercise and Play
Just like humans, cats need regular exercise to maintain their physical, mental and emotional health. Exercise helps to prevent obesity, improve mobility and muscle tone; promote healthy digestion and much more. Burning off excess energy can also reduce anxiety and conflict between household cats.
The easiest way to achieve this for indoor cats is through play, with a variety of toys to stimulate the mind as well as the body. Interactive toys, food puzzles and enrichment are great boredom breakers for when you're absent or unavailable.
Catit Play Treat Puzzle Slow Feeder has 6 fun activities that stimulate cats to work for their food. Place treats or kibble in the different sections to encourage natural hunting instincts and foraging.
Cats can also be kept active with climbing areas including cat trees, wall-mounted shelving, ramps, ladders, boxes and tunnels. Scratch posts and mats allow cats to sharpen their claws, work their muscles, stretch their bodies and leave territorial markings - this is completely normal behaviour and should be encouraged.
How much exercise a cat needs will depend on their age, breed and activity levels. As a minimum, 30 minutes broken up into 10-minute sessions will make the most out of their short spurts of energy and prevent them from getting bored.
Related post: 12 Types of Cat Toys and Games for All Cats to Play
Outdoor Spaces
If you decide to let your kitty outside to feel the breeze in its whiskers, be sure to provide them with a safe and escape-proof space or use a harness if they're trained. Being outdoors for the first time can be scary and overwhelming, and they won't be as alert to dangers or threats as an experienced explorer.
Related post: How to Harness Train Cats for Walking on a Leash Safely
Cat proofing a garden depends on the design and layout of the area, but below are a few ideas for inspiration.
Use high fences or mesh netting to section off areas, such as a yard or patio. This may require some DIY skills.
Install cat-proof fencing, which is constructed from wire mesh and brackets that are fixed to the top of fence panels at a sloped angle that makes it difficult for cats to grip onto or jump over.
Build a catio - a secure enclosure that fits around a door or window so cats can come and go as they please.
Other outdoor enclosures.
If you have the space and it's within your budget, I recommend checking out Omlet for some great customisable cat enclosures, including balcony designs for apartment dwellers. Allowing access to outdoor space, however small, while keeping cats safe is giving them the best of both worlds. You can even kit out your catio with shelving, ramps and pet-safe plants for the complete jungle experience.
If this isn't a viable option, window hammocks are a great alternative. Setting up a couple of bird feeders outside will provide your cat with lots of entertainment and a change of scenery. Whatever you decide, make sure there's a shaded area, fresh water and shelter from the elements. This could be an outdoor cat hut, dog kennel or a simple box covered by a waterproof sheet.
PREFUNY Folding Cat Window Hammock has a stainless steel frame with a weight-bearing capacity of 18kg. It's suitable for all seasons with soft wool on one side and breathable silk on the other.
Summary
Not only is it of the utmost importance to ensure the physical, mental and emotional wellbeing of your furries, it's actually a legal requirement in the UK. The Animal Welfare (England and Wales) Act 2006 and Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 places a duty of care on pet owners to ensure that all domestic animals have their welfare needs met.
A pet’s requirements will depend on their species, but your cat has a legal right to:
Live in a suitable environment
Eat a suitable diet.
Exhibit normal behaviour patterns.
Be housed with or apart from other animals.
Be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease
These regulations shouldn't be set as standard conditions but, rather, minimum guidelines. Going above and beyond for your furries gives them a better chance of living a happy, healthy, comfortable and pain-free life - or as much as is possible for a domestic animal.
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